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Showing posts from October, 2026

How Satellite Communication Is Used in Navigation and GPS

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  When your phone shows a blue dot sliding along a road you have never driven before, it feels almost ordinary. Yet that dot depends on a chain of events that starts roughly 20,000 kilometres overhead, passes through precise clocks, radio links and a fair amount of physics, and ends on a chip smaller than your thumbnail. Most people use satellite navigation daily without ever asking what makes it work. The short answer is satellite communication . Navigation satellites are, at heart, communication satellites with a very specific job: they broadcast their position and the exact time, and receivers on the ground make sense of that message. This guide explains what is satellite communication, how a satellite communication system fits into GPS, and where the technology shows up beyond your map app. What Is Satellite Communication? If you are wondering what satellite communication is, think of it as a way of moving information across long distances by bouncing it off, or relaying it th...

What Is Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)? Working, Types, Advantages, and Applications

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  Every time you tune a radio to your favourite station, dozens of other stations are travelling through the same air at the very same moment. Your receiver picks one and ignores the rest. That small everyday miracle rests on an idea engineers have used for over a century: give every signal its own slice of the frequency spectrum, and they can all share one medium without stepping on each other. If you are an engineering student meeting the topic for the first time, or a lab instructor looking for a clean way to explain it, this guide answers the question of frequency division multiplexing from the ground up. You will see how the technique works, what its building blocks look like, which types and relatives you should know about, where it is used today, and how it compares with other multiplexing methods. Along the way, we will also look at how students can study the process hands-on in a laboratory. What Is Frequency Division Multiplexing? Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) ...

Why Green Hydrogen Could Be Essential for Hard-to-Decarbonise Industries

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  Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity from renewable sources such as solar and wind. Because no fossil fuel is burned in the process, making it releases almost no carbon dioxide. Burning or reacting that hydrogen later gives back mostly water. That property makes green hydrogen unusual among clean energy options. It is both a fuel and a chemical raw material, which allows it to reach into industries that batteries and direct electrification struggle to serve. Steel plants, fertiliser factories, refineries and ocean-going ships are the clearest examples. The scale of the challenge is large. Global hydrogen demand reached almost 100 million tonnes in 2024, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), yet low-emissions hydrogen made up less than 1% of that supply. Nearly all of the rest is still produced from natural gas or coal. This article explains what green hydrogen is, why certain industries depend on it, whe...